hiraeth
noun·/hɪˈraɪθ/
A deep longing for home, especially a home that is gone, changed, or perhaps never truly existed. Homesickness braided with grief, memory, and the ache of the irrecoverable. A Welsh word with untranslatable nuance. Where nostalgia can be pleasantly bittersweet, hiraeth is desire that knows it cannot be satisfied.
On bright days abroad, hiraeth would arrive without warning, and even the air would seem to speak with an accent she missed.
Etymology
From Welsh hiraeth, traditionally glossed as “longing” or “yearning,” but culturally richer than any single English equivalent. The word belongs to a landscape of loss and belonging, where home is as much an emotional geography as a physical one.
Related Words
saudadePortuguese longing; a later companion in your list
fernwehyearning for elsewhere; hiraeth’s directional mirror
nostalgialonging for the past; adjacent but often softer
homesicknessthe nearest plain term, without the same depth of loss