litotes
noun·/laɪˈtoʊ.tiːz/
A figure of speech that affirms by denying the opposite, an understatement that gains force by restraint (rhetoric). Calculated rather than merely modest. It lets the listener supply the stronger claim, and that participation sharpens it.
“Not unfamiliar,” she said with a smile—litotes doing what a direct confession could not.
Etymology
From Greek litotēs "plainness, simplicity," from litos "plain." Plainness as a kind of precision.
Related Words
understatementthe broader strategy litotes exemplifies
meiosisa related rhetorical downplaying
ironyoften a fellow traveler, though not required
hyperbolethe opposite impulse: overstatement